Wireless Techniques and Applications of the Internet of Medical Things

Abstract

Technology, over the years has always carried out an innovative change in the history of mankind in many fields like escience, medicine. Smart objects inspired by IoT have rapid interest nowadays. Human health improvement and emergency fast diagnostic reactions are the goals in global healthcare systems. Emerging technologies such as internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems has recently played an important role in the human healthcare sector through opening smart bridges between sensor networks and the internet. This chapter studies the impact of IoT on human healthcare and the effect made recently on this sector. Effects include assisting patients tracking their vital medical indicators such as O2 percentage, sugar and blood pressure. These emerging technologiess can be used to organizes hospital visits and periodic exercises Real-time monitoring via connected devices and sensors can save lives in case of a medical emergency like heart failure, diabetes, asthma attacks, etc. It helps physicians making an accurate decision for far away patients. The chapter begins introducing the history of IoT in human healthcare, extracting state of the art, exploring methodologies and technologies enabling, explaining the architecture, advantages behind the application of IoT in healthcare, future concern and challenges, and finally conclusions. The global IoT in the healthcare market has been categorized into Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and other connectivity types. The other promising connectivity types segment, include Loran and LTE-M. LTE-M is the wireless network of a cellular carrier, endorsed by the industry group GSMA and by the group of standards 3GPP. Furthermore, this chapter explores the sub-field of wireless sensor network, which is so called Wireless body area sensor network. Due to rapid technology development, tiny-sized sensors could be mounted on the human body to record numerous physiological parameters, and these sensors can transmit data to other devices so that further necessary actions could be taken. Therefore, IoT applications can provide a diagnosis of disease and develop serious health-complication alert systems. Considering this topical hot subject, the intent of this chapter is to present the state-of-the-art of various aspects of wireless body area sensor network, its communication architectures, wireless body area sensor network applications, programming frameworks, security topics, and existing energy-efficient routing protocols. Moreover, a comprehensive IoT architecture for a medical applications is presented. This contains processes, modules, and security that relate to the field of an IoT scheme. The chapter will also focus on the nowadays constraints and limitations probably preventing the adoption of such services in clinical routine work. Furthermore, sections in this chapter describe the future 5G infrastructure as a solution where new possibilities will be available due to improved addressing solutions and extended security services in addition to higher bandwidth in the wireless communication link. Thus, 5G solutions can represent a paradigm shift regarding remote patient's monitoring and tracking possibilities, with enhancement in transmitting information between patients and health care services. Some aspects of new possibilities are highlighted in describing a realistic scenario within a future 5G framework. For instant, telemedicine requires a network that can support near real-time, high-quality video without slowing down the facility's network. Adding a high-speed 5G, has the potential to offer massive connectivity to existing architectures and can support near real-time video for video-based medical consultations to enhance access to care and quality of care. While telemedicine is already happening today, 5G will help enable the speed and exponential computing at the edge that will encourage more widespread adoption. Chapter conclusions will be summarizing the benefits behind the application of the IoT in human healthcare and concluding the leading technologies requirement and available solutions to reach the optimum human healthcare under recently developed 5G infrastructure.