Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from kenaf bast fiber complexed with sodium acetate and integrated with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [Bmim]Cl, was investigated as potential biosourced polymer electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity of (4.54 ± 1.2) × 10−3 S cm−1 was obtained after introducing 30 wt% [Bmim]Cl with respect to the weight of CMC. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the interaction of the polymer host with the sodium salt and ionic liquid. Ion transport analysis showed that charge transport in the biopolymer electrolyte system occurred predominately with ion and sodium ion transference numbers of 0.129. Linear sweep voltammetry result showed that electrochemical stability reached ~ 2.9 V, showing that the biopolymer electrolyte is suitable for practical application in electrochemical devices. Sodium battery configurations of Na/CH3COONa-30 wt% [Bmim]Cl/I2 + C + electrolyte were fabricated and demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 1.5 mAh for 200 h with 1.6 V open circuit potential.
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