Abstract
Context: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves have the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine or herbal cosmetics. In this study, the green extraction method and the selection of solvents to increase the extraction yield of active compounds and bioactivities from R. tomentosa leaves were carried out. Aims: To develop the environmentally friendly extraction method for R. tomentosa leaves using pharmaceutical excipients and find out the best extraction solvent and conditions that can simultaneously extract the active compound and bioactivities. Methods: R. tomentosa leaves were extracted using 14 different solvents, including conventional solvents and pharmaceutical excipients. The ultrasound-assisted extraction method was chosen to promote the green extraction principles. All the extracts obtained were then evaluated for their phenolic, flavonoid content, antioxidant, and in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the optimization was carried out using Box Behnken response surface methodology. Results: The ethanolic extract of R. tomentosa leaves has the highest (p<0.05) extraction yield, very strong antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to water, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. Among 10 excipients tested in this study, propylene glycol has the best (p<0.05) ability to extract R. tomentosa leaves. Propylene glycol was then used in the extraction optimization phase. Our result showed that the extraction conditions for optimizing phenolic compounds were a temperature of 30°C, an extraction time of 40 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.05 g/mL. Conclusions: The use of propylene glycol and the UAE method together showed good potential to be developed as a green extraction method for R. tomentosa leaves.
Published Version
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