Abstract
Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Repurposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FLUAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vitro and in vivo tests.
Highlights
Every year, emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus (EBOV), Marburg virus (MARV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), surface from natural reservoirs and kill people [1,2].In addition, influenza A virus (FLUAV), human immunodeficiency (HIV-1), herpes simplex (HSV), and other viruses regularly infect human population and represent substantial public health and economic burden [3,4]
These BSAAs inhibit the replication of 52 viruses belonging to (−) single-strandedRNA, (+)ssRNA, ssRNA-reverse transcriptase (RT), ssDNA, double-strandedDNA, or dsDNA-RT virus groups
We identified four compounds that at none-cytotoxic concentrations rescued cells from virus-mediated death (Figure 2A)
Summary
Influenza A virus (FLUAV), human immunodeficiency (HIV-1), herpes simplex (HSV), and other viruses regularly infect human population and represent substantial public health and economic burden [3,4]. Have called for better control of viral diseases (https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/; https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/). Developing novel virus-specific vaccines and antiviral drugs can be time-consuming and costly [5,6]. In order to overcome these time and cost issues, academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies have focused on the repositioning of existing antivirals from one viral disease to another, considering that many viruses utilize the same host factors and pathways to replicate inside a cell [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15].
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