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Abstract
Anaplasma capra is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that pose a risk to the health of human and veterinary animal. Numerous variants in a variety of domestic and wild animals had been reported since its discovery and confirmation in humans in 2015 and its first detection from goat blood during 2012–2013. In order to find out more A. capra variants data of A. capra in central China, 16S rRNA, gltA, groEL, and msp4 genes of this pathogen were amplified from sheep and goat samples collected during 2011–2015 and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences were conducted. The results of 16S rRNA and gltA manifested that partial sequences obtained in this study were 100% identical with A. capra isolates, while phylogenetic analysis results of groEL and msp4 showed that the obtained sequences were independent with all other Anaplasmas, formed separate branches on the evolutionary trees. What needed to be emphasized was that the 16S rRNA and gltA gene sequences of X51 (KX505302 and KX450269), a sample from Shandong in 2011, were found to be 100% identical with A. capra. Therefore, we could speculate that the occurrence of A. capra may be earlier than its first discovery and report. And the A. capra isolates in central China were novel variants which were different from known genotypes.
Highlights
Anaplasma genus members are zoonotic pathogens with remarkable importance in both human and veterinary health
Sequence analysis showed that 11 16S rRNA sequence types, which grouped into three groups on the evolutionary tree, were obtained (Figure 1A)
The sequences in group a shared 98.7–100% similarity with A. capra isolates from China (MG869594) and Korea (LC432114), but were distinct from other Anaplasma species. They represented 70% (21/30) of all the 16S rRNA genes amplified from the sheep and goat blood samples collected from several Chinses provinces between 2011 and 2015 (Supplementary Table 2)
Summary
Anaplasma genus members are zoonotic pathogens with remarkable importance in both human and veterinary health. Three Anaplasma species have so far been identified that infect human beings. The first discovered and the most widespread is Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which was first reported in 1994 in Wisconsin, USA, and caused a febrile illness [1]. A novel Anaplasma member, was first identified in 28 patients from Heilongjiang province in 2015. These patients had symptoms of high fever, headache, malaise, dizziness, and muscle pain [5]. The widespread distribution and genetic diversity of the novel identified Anaplasma species mentioned above highlight the dangers of tick-borne disease caused by the Anaplasma genus
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