Abstract
The paper presents a research project carried out by an international team on the role Ancient Greece and Rome played in some national historiographies and cultures in the 18th and 19th centuries. This project combines a properly historiographical approach with the study of the interest in Greece and Rome as a source for cultural and political models. A brief analysis of two specific cases, the (failed) project of a National History of the Basque provinces by the Basque Enlightenment and Ancient History in the Catalan historiography of the 19th century would illustrate the problems and difficulties which this work in progress has to deal with. As a result, it is possible to envisage the development of patriotism, the rise of nationalism and the development of alternative historiographies in Spain and other Western countries, and how Antiquity is used to support different political and cultural positions.
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