Abstract
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 9.1% globally, with persistent albuminuria being a key indicator. Although some studies suggested that high urinary albumin to creatinine (UACR) levels within the normal-to-mildly-increased range is associated with adverse outcomes, the importance of this association is not yet established. Thus, we conducted a systematic search and a meta-analysis, aiming to assess the association between UACR within the normal to mildly increased range and mortality as well as adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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