Abstract

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a questionnaire developed to assess the five domains represented in the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of the DSM-5. This study examined the ability of the PID-5 to distinguish between different mental disorders compared to a questionnaire measure of the five-factor model (FFM) of normative personality. The study included the administration of the PID-5 and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the FFM, to treatment-seeking individuals with Depressive, Bipolar, Psychotic, and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Diagnostic groups were compared at the domain level of PID-5 and NEO PI-R, with sex and age as covariates. The main findings on the PID-5 included higher Detachment scores for Bipolar and Depressive Disorders than Psychotic and AUDs, lower Psychoticism/higher Disinhibition scores for the AUD group compared to all other groups, and lower Negative Affect for the Psychotic Disorders versus AUD group. On the NEO PI-R, the AUD diagnostic group was associated with lower Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scores compared to all other groups, and lower Neuroticism scores than the Bipolar and Depressive groups. Group pairwise comparisons did not appear to show many differences between the PID-5 and NEO PI-R. The results suggest that the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders may have clinical utility in distinguishing personality profiles between diagnostic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of additional research on the capacity of maladaptive personality to contribute to the assessment of differential diagnoses.

Highlights

  • The five-factor model (FFM) of personality has been widely accepted as a comprehensive model of normal range personality traits, comprising five domains: Neuroticism, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (McCrae and John 1992)

  • In the test of between-subjects effects, significant main effects of DSM-5 diagnostic groups were found on all Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) domains except for Antagonism: Negative Affect F(3, 152) = 5.47, p = .001, partial η2 = 0.10, Detachment F(3, 152) = 9.79, p = .0001, partial η2 = 0.16, Psychoticism F(3, 152) = 6.27, p = .0001, partial η2 = 0.11, and Disinhibition F(3, 152) = 14.37, p = .0001, partial η2 = 0.22

  • Levene’s test of equality of error variances was not significant for the PID-5 or NEO PI-R MANCOVAs, demonstrating that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups

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Summary

Introduction

Despite efforts to identify personality traits associated with different mental disorders, the domains of the FFM have been criticized for being too broad to have any diagnostic utility (Clark 1993). Literature reviews on the associations between the FFM personality domains and varying mental disorders (i.e., anxiety, depressive, substance use, and personality disorders) demonstrated high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness across all diagnostic groups (see metaanalyses: Kotov et al 2010; Samuel and Widiger 2008). The lack of psychopathological content in the FFM may be contributing to the general, non-specific personality profile characteristic of all mental disorders using this model of normal range personality

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