Abstract
Given the difference in research performance in various scientific fields, this study aims to weight and valuate current indicators used for evaluation of scientific productions (publications), in order to adjust these indicators in comparison to each other and make possible a more precise evaluation of scientific productions. This is a scientometrics study using documentary, evaluative, and survey techniques. The statistical population consisted of 106 top Iranian researchers, scientists, and scientific and research managers. Then their research resume information was gathered and analyzed based on research questions. In order to compare values, the data gathered from research production performance of the population was weighted using Shannon entropy method. Also, the weights of each scientific production importance according to expert opinions (extracted from other works) was analyzed and after adjustment the final weight of each scientific production was determined. A pairwise matrix was used in order to determine the ratios. According to the results, in the area of engineering sciences, patents (0.142) in the area of science, international articles (0.074) in the area of humanities and social sciences, books (0.174), and in the area of medical sciences, international articles (0.111) had the highest weight compared to other information formats. By dividing the weights for each type of publication, the value of each scientific production compared to other scientific productions in the same field and productions of other fields was calculated. Validation of the results in the studied population resulted in very high credibility for all investigated indicators in all four fields. By using these values and normalized ratios of publication indicators it is possible to achieve precise and adjusted results, making it possible to feasibly use these results in realistic policy making.
Highlights
In order to develop scientific policies and advance scientific and research programs, it is necessary to have comprehensive and precise information about the potential scientific and technological capabilities of a country
By weighting the publications of top researchers in every field and determining the importance of each publication type according to the researchers, it is possible to obtain a weight for each scientific source which shows the value of each scientific production compared to all others
These weights enable us to determine the comparative net value of each data type based on other data types in the same or other subject areas, or the same data type in other subject areas
Summary
In order to develop scientific policies and advance scientific and research programs, it is necessary to have comprehensive and precise information about the potential scientific and technological capabilities of a country. Given the fact that science and technology is the driving force of today’s science-based society, evaluation of these capabilities, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific research, is unavoidable in national scientific policies and research management strategies, in order to obtain a comprehensive picture about the scientific structure and growth of the society (Moed, 2005). On one hand, due to the different situation of various disciplines, non-standard comparison between disciplines is not advised and on the other hand, due to the necessity of policy making and planning for all active disciplines in an academic or research institution, one needs to compare various disciplines. An operational and standardized method is needed for correct comparison between various disciplines
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