Abstract
The results of an experimental study on the oxidation behavior of loaded gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are reported. PM was loaded on uncatalyzed cordierite GPF mini-cores by exposure to exhaust from a light-duty GDI engine operating during a rich acceleration condition on four fuels: 100% gasoline (E0); a 30% blend of ethanol in gasoline (E30); a 24% blend of isobutanol in gasoline (iBu24); or a 48% blend of isobutanol in gasoline (iBu48). The oxidative reactivities of these four types of PM were investigated as a function of temperature. Compared with E0, particulate matter (PM) from the ethanol blend showed a significant shift to lower temperature activity, whereas both isobutanol blends produced PM requiring higher temperatures to achieve complete oxidation. The oxidation kinetics of the E0 and E30 PM were studied in more detail. These cores were used in pulsed-oxidation studies to explore the oxidation kinetics of the PM throughout a stepwise burnout (i.e., regeneration). The results suggest that the reactivity of PM on GPF cores is sensitive to both its environmental history and the type of fuel being used. A unique neutron-imaging study was also performed on E0 and E30-loaded GPF cores to study how the PM layer thicknesses change during a stepwise burnout.
Highlights
The automotive industry’s efforts for improving fuel efficiency to meet new standards and regulations haveThis manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy
The results of this study suggest that gasoline direct injection (GDI) particulate matter (PM) trapped in a gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) is not uniform, and the oxidative reactivity of GDI PM depends on fuel composition and exposure history, and evolves in a complex manner over the course of filter regeneration
& The oxidation reactivity of PM generated by a GDI engine varies significantly with the composition of the fuel
Summary
The automotive industry’s efforts for improving fuel efficiency to meet new standards and regulations have. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-publicaccess-plan). Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA The adoption of lean-GDI operation for improved fuel efficiency could lead to even greater PM emissions [6,7,8]
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