Abstract
Wireless sensor network (WSN) can achieve real-time data collection and transmission of environment, soil, meteorology, crop physiology and other information in agriculture. The data provided by WSN could be used for decision making and management, which is very important in precision agriculture. Wheat farmland wireless sensor network has the characteristics of wide coverage area, long planting period, inconvenient energy supply, and serious impact of crop environment on wireless signal transmission. Routing protocol is an important method to achieve long-term WSN monitoring by selecting an appropriate path with low energy consumption for data transmission. According to the phenomenon of uneven environment and channel parameters caused by intensive crop growth in farmland, a non-uniform clustering routing protocol based on effective energy consumption (UCEEC) was proposed in this work. The method combined with the characteristics of multi-path fading of farmland environment signals. The idea of image segmentation was introduced. Nodes with high similarity were divided into a cluster area by the dissimilarity between nodes in order to improve the intracluster communication performance. Meanwhile, a multi-hop path selection method between cluster-heads based on the estimation of two-hop effective energy consumption is designed. The energy consumption cost factor is calculated by the effective energy consumption and the average energy consumption within the cluster to achieve the minimum and balance of the overall energy consumption of the network. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing Maximum Residual Energy Based Routing (MREBR) protocol, minimum Energy Consumption Based Routing (MEC) routing protocols, UCEEC improves the energy balance effect between nodes, prolongs the network life cycle, and realizes efficient energy utilization of wireless sensor network data collection in the complex environment of wheat field. Keywords: farmland, wireless sensor networks, multi-path fading channel, routing protocol, energy optimization DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.6540 Citation: Miao Y S, Zhao C J, Wu H R. Non-uniform clustering routing protocol of wheat farmland based on effective energy consumption. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 163–170.
Highlights
Precision agriculture can effectively increase crop yield and quality by adjusting the environment, water and fertilizer conditions of crop growth
It is assumed that N sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a two-dimensional rectangular region of X×Y, and the wireless sensor network is assumed to have the following properties: 1) The network is a static network with higher density, which means the deployment of sensor nodes remains unchanged, the node density is enough to ensure network connectivity and coverage of the monitoring area
Where, l refers to the number of transmitted bits; Eelec refers to the 1 bit data’ transmission power of the transmit-receive circuits, dBm; d refers to the distance between the tranmitter and receiver, m; May, 2021 Miao Y S, et al Non-uniform clustering routing protocol of wheat farmland based on effective energy consumption Vol 14 No 3 165 d crossover f / m refers to the distance threshold of the model; εf and εm refer to the energy coefficients for the power amplification in the two conditions; x refers to the fast fading component in the multi-path propagation
Summary
Self-organization, low cost, low power consumption, and other characteristics, it has been widely used in industry, medical, agriculture, and other fields. Guo et al.[9] studied the relationship between antenna height, environmental parameters, and wireless signal strength attenuation through an apple orchard experiment These studies are dominated by large-scale fading, without considering the small-scale fading effect of multipath signal caused by crop occlusion. The above clustering algorithms regard the network links as reliable connected links in the routing process, and estimate the transmission energy consumption between nodes according to the large-scale fading model. Signal strength, quality of service parameters, network power efficiency are considered in agricultural WSN data transmission routing. When the above routing protocols are applied to the complex environment of farmland, most of them do not consider the environmental characteristics and network energy consumption at the same time. The WSN life cycle in the complex environment of wheat farmland is extended
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