Abstract
The magnetoelectric response of bi- and symmetric trilayer composite structures to pulsed magnetic fields is experimentally investigated in detail. The structures comprise layers of commercially available piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate) and magnetostrictive (permendur or nickel) materials. The magnetic-field pulses have the form of a half-wave sine function with duration of 450 μs and amplitudes ranging from 500 Oe to 38 kOe. The time dependence of the resulting voltage is presented and explained by theoretical estimations. Appearance of voltage oscillations with frequencies much larger than the reciprocal pulse length is observed for sufficiently large amplitudes (∼1–10 kOe) of the magnetic-field pulse. The origin of these oscillations is the excitation of bending and planar acoustic oscillations in the structures. Dependencies of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient on the excitation frequency and the applied magnetic field are calculated by digital signal processing and compared with those obtained by the method of harmonic field modulation. The results are of interest for developing magnetoelectric sensors of pulsed magnetic fields as well as for rapid characterization of magnetoelectric composite structures.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric (ME) interactions in planar composite structures comprising mechanically coupled ferromagnetic (FM) and piezoelectric (PE) layers have been investigated intensively in recent years due to the prospects of their application as sensitive magnetic field sensors [1,2,3]
The functional principle of a ME sensor is as follows: when the structure is placed into the magnetic field, the magnetostriction causes a deformation of the FM layer
It was shown that the amplitude of the voltage u generated by ME structure in a weak harmonic field is proportional to d × q × δh, where d is the PE coefficient of the PE layer, q = ∂λ/∂H is the piezomagnetic coefficient, H is the magnetic field strength, λ is magnetostriction of the FM layer and δh is the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) interactions in planar composite structures comprising mechanically coupled ferromagnetic (FM) and piezoelectric (PE) layers have been investigated intensively in recent years due to the prospects of their application as sensitive magnetic field sensors [1,2,3]. The functional principle of a ME sensor is as follows: when the structure is placed into the magnetic field, the magnetostriction causes a deformation of the FM layer. This strain is passed to the PE layer and a voltage is generated between the electrodes of the PE layer due to the PE effect. From the literature it is clear that the behavior of ME structures in harmonic low-frequency magnetic fields has already been intensively investigated. Feasibility of making sensors for alternating magnetic fields with a detection limit down to ~10−10 T [5] in the frequency range 1 mHz–10 kHz [6,7]
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