Abstract
Indentation cracking under blunt indenters is analyzed using nonlinear fracture mechanics. The usual assumptions of linear elastic fracture mechanics have been replaced with a nonlinear load vs load‐point displacement curve while assuming the material is linear elastic. The load, the load‐point displacement, and a function of the crack area have been related to the crack driving force, J, while assuming a cone fracture under the Hertzian sphere. Experimentally, it was found that the load‐displacement curve during loading, cracking, and unloading is nonlinear. The crack length is empirically shown to be proportional to the load‐point displacement for several indenters. The experimentally measured relations between indenter load, load‐point displacement, and crack geometries are then analyzed with mechanical energy balances based on the similitude of crack lengths with load‐point displacements. The Hertz hardness that describes the nonlinear load vs load‐point displacement relation during cracking is derived on the constant J line in load‐displacement space. Finally, well‐known experimental expressions that relate load to crack length are shown to be indistinguishable from the load‐point displacement analysis reported.
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