Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Transport and Rate Processes in Physical and Biological Systems

Abstract

Equilibrium thermodynamics: basic definitions reversible and irreversible processes equilibrium thermodynamic laws entropy and entropy production the Gibbs equation equations of state thermodynamic potentials. Transport and rate processes: nonequilibrium systems kinetic approach transport phenomena The Maxwell-Stefan equations transport coefficients electric charge flow the relaxation theory chemical reactions coupled processes. linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics: local thermodynamic equilibrum second law of thermodynamics phenomenological equations Curie-Prigogine principle dissipation function variation of entropy production. Balance equations and entropy generation: entropy generation equation. Entropy and exergy: Entropy exergy. Using the second law of thermodynamics: second law analysis heat and fluid flow heat and mass transfer chemical reactions and reacting flows separation. Thermoeconomics thermodynamic analysis thermodynamic optimum availability exergy destruction number equipartition and optimization. Diffusion: Maxwell-Stefan diffusivity diffusion in nonelectrolyte systems diffusion in electrolyte systems irreversible processes in electrolyte systems. Heat and mass transfer: heat and mass transfer heat of transport degree of coupling coupling in liquid mixtures. Chemical reactions: dissipation for chemical reactions coupled chemical reactions. Membrane transport: passive transport facilitated transport active transport. Thermodynamics and biological systems: mitochondria bioenergetics in mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation proper pathways multiple injection points coupling in mitochondria thermodynamic regulation in bioenergetics facilitated transport active transport molecular evolution molecular machines evolutionary criterium. Other thermodynamic approaches: network thermodynamics with bond graph mosaic in nonequilibrium thermodynamics rational thermodynamics. Extended nonequilibrium thermodynamics: stability ordering in physical structures ordering in biological structures bifurcation extended nonequilibrium thermodynamics.