Abstract
Thermal management to prevent extreme heat surge in integrated electronic systems and nuclear reactors is a critical issue. To delay the thermal surge on the heater effectively, we report the benefit of a three dimensional nanotubular porous layer via noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds). To observe the contribution of individual noncovalent interactions in a porous network formation, pristine carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) and oxidatively functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) were compared. Hydrogen-bonded interwoven nanotubular porous layer showed approximately two times critical heat flux (CHF) increase compared to that of a plain surface. It is assumed that the hydrophilic group-tethered nanotubular porous wicks and enhanced fluidity are the main causes for promoting the CHF increase. Reinforced hydrophilicity assists liquid spreading and capillarity-induced liquid pumping, which are estimated by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Also, shear induced thermal conduction, thermal boundary reduction, and rheology of nanoparticles could attribute to CHF enhancement phenomena.
Highlights
Thermal management to prevent extreme heat surge in integrated electronic systems and nuclear reactors is a critical issue
To delay the thermal surge on the heater effectively, we report the benefit of a three dimensional nanotubular porous layer via noncovalent interactions
Nonpolar pristine carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) aggregate in aqueous fluid via hydrophobic forces compared to hydrogen bonds of FCNTs29
Summary
Thermal management to prevent extreme heat surge in integrated electronic systems and nuclear reactors is a critical issue. To delay the thermal surge on the heater effectively, we report the benefit of a three dimensional nanotubular porous layer via noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds). Beyond a certain thermal limit, sudden wall superheat triggers individual bubble coalescence and vapor column formation on the heating surface and leads to heater failure. This phenomenon is called the CHF, which is directly related to the safe operation of thermal energy conversion systems[1]. The high thermal conductivity and enhanced surface wetting through nanofluid-deposited porous heating surfaces are known to contribute to significant CHF improvement[13,14,15,16,17,47]. We highlight how the CHF enhancement phenomena is attributed to shear induced thermal conduction and thermal boundary reduction
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