`Nonclassical' states in quantum optics: a `squeezed' review of the first 75 years

Abstract

Seventy five years ago, three remarkable papers by Schrödinger, Kennard and Darwin were published. They were devoted to the evolution of Gaussian wave packets for an oscillator, a free particle and a particle moving in uniform constant electric and magnetic fields. From the contemporary point of view, these packets can be considered as prototypes of the coherent and squeezed states, which are, in a sense, the cornerstones of modern quantum optics. Moreover, these states are frequently used in many other areas, from solid state physics to cosmology. This paper gives a review of studies performed in the field of so-called `nonclassical states' (squeezed states are their simplest representatives) over the past seventy five years, both in quantum optics and in other branches of quantum physics.