Non-stereoselective decomposition of (±)-S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides to antibacterial thiosulfinates catalyzed by C115H mutant methionine γ-lyase from Citrobacter freundii

Abstract

S-Alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides, initially found in plants of the genus Allium, are converted to antimicrobial thiosulfinates by pyridoxal 5′-phosphate(PLP)-dependent alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4). It was found that methionine γ-lyase (MGL, EC 4.4.1.11) catalyzes the β-elimination reaction of (±)-S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides to yield thiosulfinates. The efficient catalyst for the production of thiosulfinates, C115H mutant MGL, developed in our previous work, cleaves S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides more effectively than the wild type enzyme. Thiosulfinates generated by the C115H MGL/sulfoxide system have demonstrated growth inhibition of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria from mice. In search of a more effective system for production of antibacterial thiosulfinates we synthesized S-substituted analogues of l-cysteine sulfoxide with a longer side chains – (±)-S-propyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide ((±)-propiin) and (±)-S-n-butyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide ((±)-butiin) and determined catalytic parameters of the β-elimination reaction of two sulfoxides. It was found that C115H MGL cleaves (±)-propiin with the highest rate, as compared to other (±)-S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides. Studies on interaction of the enzyme with (+)- or (−)-S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides revealed that C115H MGL can decompose both diastereomers equally. The antibacterial activity of the mixture of the mutant MGL with (±)-propiin is comparable with those of the mixtures with S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (methiin). The results make MGL/sulfoxide system more advantageous in preparing antibacterial thiosulfinates as compared to alliinase-based system, which preferably cleaves naturally occurring (+)-sulfoxides.