Abstract
Bacteria-derived non-ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides (NRLPs) present promising potential for cancer treatment, alongside their known antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects, due to their unique properties and modular assembly. However, addressing challenges such as toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and regulatory considerations necessitates an in-depth understanding of lipopeptides. This review provides extensive insights into the modular synthesis pathways, molecular mechanisms, structural diversity, and bioactivities of NRLPs. It highlights the remarkable potential of these lipopeptides as innovative therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to unraveling the sources, types, and bioactivities of NRLPs, with particular emphasis on their anti-cancer properties. The mechanisms underlying their efficacy against cancer cells, including apoptosis induction, cell cycle modulation, and interference with signaling pathways, are discussed. Envisioning the future of cancer therapeutics, the review concludes by outlining strategies for improved peptide design, integration with existing therapies, innovative and targeted cancer treatments, and the incorporation of emerging technologies. This comprehensive overview underscores the transformative potential of NRLPs in reshaping the landscape of cancer treatment.
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