Abstract
Non-ionizing millimeter-waves (MMW) interact with cells in a variety of ways. Here the inhibited cell division effect was investigated using 85–105 GHz MMW irradiation within the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) non-thermal 20 mW/cm2 safety standards. Irradiation using a power density of about 1.0 mW/cm2 SAR over 5–6 h on 50 cells/μL samples of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism resulted in 62% growth rate reduction compared to the control (sham). The effect was specific for 85–105 GHz range and was energy- and cell density-dependent. Irradiation of wild type and Δrad52 (DNA damage repair gene) deleted cells presented no differences of colony growth profiles indicating non-thermal MMW treatment does not cause permanent genetic alterations. Dose versus response relations studied using a standard horn antenna (~1.0 mW/cm2) and compared to that of a compact waveguide (17.17 mW/cm2) for increased power delivery resulted in complete termination of cell division via non-thermal processes supported by temperature rise measurements. We have shown that non-thermal MMW radiation has potential for future use in treatment of yeast related diseases and other targeted biomedical outcomes.
Highlights
Our experiments demonstrated that nonionizing millimeter wave (MMW) (75–105 GHz) exposure with a non-thermal power density of 0.2 mW/cm2 can elicit morphological changes in H1299 human lung cancer cells [4] leading to targeted apoptosis and mortality [5] without harming normal cells under the same exposure conditions
While non-ionizing radiation has mostly been used in thermal ablation procedures, we explored the effect of MMW (85–105 GHz) irradiation on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast model of eukaryotic cell division in this article within the non-thermal safety standards set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing
We showed that Wild Type (WT) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in response to MMW
Summary
The influence of millimeter wave (MMW) radiation on biological systems has gained prominence in recent years for two important reasons: (1) to establish safety standards for the use of MMWs in communication devices, (2) to understand the mechanisms of interaction between MMW and living systems. These investigations have opened new avenues for potential applications of MMW in the field of biomedical devices, for applications such as selective targeting of cancer cells. MMW in the range of 75–110 GHz (W-band) are classed as non-ionizing radiation because of the low 0.3–0.4 meV range of the energy of its photons
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