Non-Faradaic Electric Currents in the Nernst-Planck Equations and Nonlocal Diffusiophoresis of Suspended Colloids in Crossed Salt Gradients.

Abstract

In the Nernst-Planck equations in two or more dimensions, a non-Faradaic solenoidal current can arise as a consequence of connecting patches with different liquid junction potentials. Whereas this current vanishes for binary electrolytes or in one-dimensional problems, it is in general nonvanishing, for example, in crossed salt gradients. For a suspended colloidal particle, chemiphoresis in the concentration gradients is generally vectorially misaligned with electrophoresis in the electrostatic potential gradient, and there is a nonlocal contribution to the latter deriving from the Ohmic electric field associated with the current; in a case study this contributes up to 20%-30% of the total effect.