Non-cash retail payments in selected banks during the COVID-19 pandemic – the case of Poland

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This study addresses the changes in the use of non-cash payments by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of individual banks in Poland. In hypothesis H1 we assumed that during the pandemic there was a change in the payment behaviour towards an increased use of mobile payments. In order to verify H1, we calculated the average values of the indicators characterising non-cash payments for each first quarter in 2019–2022. In hypothesis H2 we assumed that in each period it is possible to distinguish a group of banks whose clients actively used mobile payments (H2a) and a group of banks whose clients more often used traditional forms of non-cash payments (H2b). To verify H2, we used the farthest-neighbour clustering method. The general findings of the research show that the payment behaviour of banks’ clients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic differed. This resulted in a change in the position of some banks on the non-cash payments market in Poland.