NOMA-Assisted Routing Algorithm Design for UAV Ad Hoc Relay Networks

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ad hoc networks can be deployed flexibly and rapidly without any infrastructure, so as to play an irreplaceable role in postdisaster relief. However, the dynamic topology and energy constraints of UAVs always bring new challenges to the design of effective network architectures and routing strategies. In this article, a three-layer UAV network architecture is constructed, and the UAV channel models for the different layers are discussed categorically. A greedy perimeter comprehensive evaluation routing (GCER) algorithm is designed on the basis of geographic routing greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR). By estimating the energy, link stability, and data throughput of the UAV neighboring nodes, the optimal next-hop UAV node is synthetically evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In particular, the use of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology in ad hoc networks is considered, and a nonconvex optimization problem for maximizing the throughput estimation of UAV relay nodes based on NOMA is proposed to solve for the optimal allocation of UAV transmission power in routing. Numerical results show that the proposed GCER routing algorithm has significant advantages over GPSR in improving link stability. The use of NOMA access technology in UAV ad hoc networks has a significant increase in the throughput of the data links.