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Abstract
Existing move-restricted node self-deployment algorithms are based on a fixed node communication radius, evaluate the performance based on network coverage or the connectivity rate and do not consider the number of nodes near the sink node and the energy consumption distribution of the network topology, thereby degrading network reliability and the energy consumption balance. Therefore, we propose a distributed underwater node self-deployment algorithm. First, each node begins the uneven clustering based on the distance on the water surface. Each cluster head node selects its next-hop node to synchronously construct a connected path to the sink node. Second, the cluster head node adjusts its depth while maintaining the layout formed by the uneven clustering and then adjusts the positions of in-cluster nodes. The algorithm originally considers the network reliability and energy consumption balance during node deployment and considers the coverage redundancy rate of all positions that a node may reach during the node position adjustment. Simulation results show, compared to the connected dominating set (CDS) based depth computation algorithm, that the proposed algorithm can increase the number of the nodes near the sink node and improve network reliability while guaranteeing the network connectivity rate. Moreover, it can balance energy consumption during network operation, further improve network coverage rate and reduce energy consumption.
Highlights
Introduction and Related WorksUnderwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are network-monitoring systems consisting of sensor nodes with the capabilities of perception, acoustic communication and computing in an underwater environment in a self-organized manner; their function is to transmit sensed information to a sink node for processing and analysis [1,2]
Each cluster begins to adjust the depth in an iterative manner, and the corresponding cluster head node selects its own adjusting position with the principle that the distance between itself and its next-hop node after adjustment is 1 m longer than that before adjustment. This process retains the layout of the uneven cluster, increases the node number within the scope of the sink node, improves the network reliability and balances network energy consumption
URSAuses usesthe theuneven unevenclustering clusteringprocess process form improved toto form a a layout in which the number of cluster head nodes in an area close to the sink node increases, layout in which the number of cluster head nodes in an area close to the sink node increases, whereas whereas the size of the cluster in that area decreases
Summary
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are network-monitoring systems consisting of sensor nodes with the capabilities of perception, acoustic communication and computing in an underwater environment in a self-organized manner; their function is to transmit sensed information to a sink node for processing and analysis [1,2]. Qiao et al [35] proposed a chain structure-based uneven cluster routing algorithm It establishes a dynamic multiple-hop route considering the uneven cluster mechanism for transmitting data, which can balance the energy consumption of nodes and prolong the network lifetime. The cluster head node subsequently minimizes the hop number of the in-cluster node to optimize and adjust its position This algorithm forms a network layout of uneven distribution. The process of optimizing and adjusting the position of the in-cluster nodes further improves the network coverage rate, decreases the hop of in-cluster nodes and decreases the energy consumption of network deployment. The connected topological structure formed during the process of node deployment (i.e., the cluster head node farther from the sink node has a greater communication radius, and the cluster farther from the sink node has a larger scale) balances the energy consumption of network operation.
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