Node Localization Using Modified Wild Horse Optimization and Energy Efficient Secured Routing Protocol for IoT Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are being utilized extensively as a result of the development of information and communication technology. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are formed of inexpensive smart devices for information collection, plays a vital function in the establishment of the IoT. These smart devices are not without limitations, though, whether it comes to processing, memory, computing, and energy usage. In addition to these limitations, the core difficulties facing WSN include node localization, reliability, and data security during transmission in a dangerous environment from hostile nodes. The important and difficult problem for researchers to solve in order to improve network longevity, reliability, scalability, connectivity, throughput is accurate localization and routing. To improve the network period and data trustworthiness, this study intends to design an Energy-Efficient and Secure Routing protocol (EESR) and node localization centered on modified wild horse optimization (LMWHO) for intrusion avoidance in IoT utilizing WSN. Initially the suggested protocol bases its creation of various energy-efficient clusters on the inherent characteristics of nodes. Secondly, the base station (BS) and cluster head are able to reliably and securely share sensory data according to the (k,n) threshold-based Shamir secret sharing method. And finally, node localization centered on modified wild horse optimization (EESR-LMWHO), where the fitness function was formed by the development of residual energy and distance estimate. The suggested EESR-LMWHO utilizes less energy and prolongs the life of wireless networks. Lastly, the simulations are run to evaluate the suggested method's efficiency. The suggested approach, according to the experiments, approximates the location of the unknown node, offers a minimal localization error, and is a lightweight way to deal with intrusions caused by hostile nodes.