Nobel Metallic Nanoparticles with Novel Biomedical Properties

F Stanley Rosarin,S Mirunalini

doi:10.4172/1948-593x.1000049

Abstract

The strong optical absorption and scattering of noble metal nanoparticles is due to an effect called localized Surface Plasmon Resonance, which enables the development of novel biomedical applications. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties [quantum size effect], and their applications to catalysis and biology likewise, AgNPs due to its excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial property raise considerable interest as nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Since the size, shape and composition of silver nanoparticles can have significant effect on their efficacy, extensive research has gone into synthesizing and characterizing silver nanoparticles. This article reviews the various synthetic routes currently used for developing stable silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications in the areas of microbial resistance, antioxidant activity, anticancerous, drug delivery, antiplatlet, antiangiogenic activity, surface enhanced Raman scattering and metal enhanced fluorescence.

Highlights

Nanotechnology deals with synthesis of nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, chemical compositions and controlled dispersity and their potential use for human benefits [1]
We have focused on the current applications of AuNPs and AgNPs in biomedical science
With the “right” combination of delivery agents and particle size, AuNPs-based therapeutics could effectively kill the diseased cells while eliminating the horrendous side effects of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology deals with synthesis of nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, chemical compositions and controlled dispersity and their potential use for human benefits [1]. Silver nanoparticles have diverse properties like catalysis, magnetic and optical polarizability, electrical conductivity, antimicrobial activity and Surface Plasmon resonance. A unique property of spherical silver nanoparticles is that this SPR peak wavelength can be tuned from 400nm [violet length] to 530nm [green light] by changing the particle size and the local refractive index near the particle surface [13]. When silver nanoparticles are in solution molecules associate with the nanoparticle surface to establish a double layer of charge that stabilizes the particles and prevents aggregation, and silver nanoparticles in catalysis, magnetic, and optical polarizability, electrical conductivity, antimicrobial activity [14]. That shows the small size and the possibility of functionalizing the particles and provides extremely high spatial resolution and specificity in many labeling applications AgNPs. Silver NPs in needed in terms of their interactions with cellular receptors extra – intra cellular proteins, organelles and DNA [26]. Some of the commonly used physical and chemical methods are

Solvothermal synthesis

Sol gel technique

Biosynthesis

Findings

Conclusion