NO2) And Particulates (PM10 And PM2.5) LevelsIn Underground And Elevated Car Parks InKota Kinabalu City

Abstract

The concentration levels of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) in underground and elevated car parks in Kota Kinabalu city were studied for a period of six months. The maximum 15-min average concentration of CO in the underground car parks was found to be higher than in elevated car parks, both during weekends and weekdays. Meanwhile for NO2, the maximum concentrations were comparatively higher in elevated car parks than in underground car park. Results have shown that none of the CO and NO2 concentration levels exceeded the Swedish STEL (15-min average) of 100 ppm and 5 ppm respectively. However, based on an 8-hr average, only CO concentration (26.0 to 29.5 ppm) in the WP underground car park during weekends has exceeded the Swedish Hygienic Limit (20 ppm). Most of the time, the maximum concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the WP underground car park during weekends and weekdays were observed to be higher than in the CP elevated car park. Generally, the highest concentration levels of all the pollutants were observed to occur during rush hours. The concentrations of CO and particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) in both car parks have indicated good correlations with the number of cars entering and leaving the car parks. These results have suggested that there is a relationship between the pollutants and the number of cars. Meanwhile, weak correlations between the NO2 concentrations with the number of cars in both car parks were found and this could suggest that other factors have influenced the pollutant concentrations. Air Pollution XII, C. A. Brebbia (Editor) © 2004 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-722-1 Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide