Abstract
Off-gas measurements were conducted at industrial electric arc furnaces (EAF) in Germany in order to investigate the interrelation of NOx emission with installed plant equipment (e.g. gas burner) and process data (e.g. carbon input). Off-gas data monitor rapid changes in off-gas composition, temperature, and volume flow rates of air into the furnace indicating the transient state batch process of scrap melting. From the measurements two distinct sources of NOx emission are clearly distinguished: (1) NOx formation in the electric arc plasma during the start-up period of the melting process in an oxidizing furnace atmosphere after the charging of the furnace. (2) NOx formation from post-combustion of CO/CO2/H2 gas with air inside and outside the furnace. Whereas the contribution from arc ignition is similar for different types of EAFs, other contributions depend on furnace equipment and operation, e.g. gas burners, use of air as carrier medium for carbon or dust injection, air-tightness of furnace, and parameters of off-gas extraction by EAF dedusting system. The positive effect of the minimum volume flow rate of air into the furnace by controlled off-gas extraction to total NOx emission is shown.
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