Abstract
In the past thirty years, gang membership and gang-related violence have proliferated across the nation as gangs in urban and rural areas fight for territorial control and market dominance.1 Today, the U.S. Department of Justice estimates that there are more than 800,000 gang members and 30,000 2 gangs in the United States. No state is more affected by gang violence than California, which contains more than one-third of all gang members in the United States and attributes more than twenty five percent of all its homicides to gang activity.3 Recognizing that traditional law enforcement techniques alone were insufficient to address the growing problem, leading public officials and residents began to seek new, innovative solutions to slow the spread of gang violence in the 1980s. In greater Los Angeles, home to more than half of all gang members in California, and where more than half of all homicides are
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