Abstract
This paper examines the existence of distance and border effects in the dissemination of knowledge in economics research using a state-of-the-art gravity model for domestic and international citations between 1970 and 2016 for the top 20 source countries. We extend the model with two novel indicators, English proficiency and bilateral internet ties-two key forces in the dissemination of research and knowledge more generally. Our results show that (i) citations decrease with distance, (ii) citations exhibit a significant home bias greater than 1.68, i.e. a more than 50% higher propensity to cite domestic articles, (iii) home bias as well as geographic and cultural distance measures remain significant and at persistent levels over time, (iv) bilaterally high levels of English proficiency are insignificant for citations beyond the measure of general language similarity, (v) countries with closer internet ties have higher shares of bilateral citations, and (vi) geographic proximity is insignificant for citations to econometric articles while cultural linkages are significant.
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