No fitness cost associated with Asn-2041-Ile mutation in winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) seed germination under various environmental conditions

Saeid Hassanpour-Bourkheili,S Sanaz Ramezanpour,Javid Gherekhloo,Behnam Kamkar

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81310-8

Saeid Hassanpour-Bourkheili, S Sanaz Ramezanpour + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81310-8

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Abstract

Knowledge about the fitness cost imposed by herbicide resistance in weeds is instrumental in devising integrated management methods. The present study investigated the germination response of ACCase-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) winter wild oat under different environmental conditions. The DNA of the plants was sequenced after being extracted and purified. The segregated F2 seeds were subjected to various temperatures, water potentials, NaCl concentrations, different pHs, darkness conditions, and burial depths. The results of the sequencing indicated that Ile-2041-Asn mutation is responsible for the evolution of resistance in the studied winter wild oat plants. The seeds were able to germinate over a wide range of temperatures, osmotic potentials, NaCl concentrations, and pHs. Germination percentage of R and S seeds under dark and light conditions was similar and ranged from 86.3 to 88.3%. The highest emergence percentage for both R and S plants was obtained in 0, 1, and 2 cm depths and ranged from 66.6 to 70.3%. In overall, no differences were observed in the germination response between the R and S winter wild oat plants under all studied conditions. No fitness cost at seed level indicates that control of R winter wild oats is more difficult, and it is essential to adopt crop and herbicide rotation to delay the further evolution of resistance.

Highlights

Knowledge about the fitness cost imposed by herbicide resistance in weeds is instrumental in devising integrated management methods
Consistent selective pressure imposed by herbicide application has resulted in numerous cases of resistance in this weed, with most cases being associated with acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors[27]
ACCase gene sequencing results confirmed that only Ile-2041-Asn mutation conferred resistance to ACCase inhibitors in the R winter wild oat biotype (Fig. 1), and no other mutation (Table 1) was observed

Summary

Introduction

Knowledge about the fitness cost imposed by herbicide resistance in weeds is instrumental in devising integrated management methods. Winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.) is one of the most troublesome weeds widely distributed in various parts of the world including the Caucasus[23], the Himalayas[24], South and North America, Africa, the Middle East, and most of E urope[25]. This weed infests various cereals and legumes such as oilseed rape, and the application of herbicides is a very common option for its c ontrol[26]. Consistent selective pressure imposed by herbicide application has resulted in numerous cases of resistance in this weed, with most cases being associated with acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors[27]

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Conclusion