Abstract
No Evidence of Disease Activity after Five Years of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Detailed Report of Five Patients
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and is considered to be the prototype disease immune-mediated by auto-reactive T cell [1]
The pathophysiology currently accepted is that myelin-reactive T cells are activated in the peripheral circulation or peripheral lymph nodes by antigens with which susceptible hosts had been in contact, possibly during childhood, constituting a breach of auto-tolerance to CNS antigen [1]
There were no relapses, no new T2 lesions, no Gad+ lesions, or Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression; this means that they remained with No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA)
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and is considered to be the prototype disease immune-mediated by auto-reactive T cell [1]. The pathophysiology currently accepted is that myelin-reactive T cells are activated in the peripheral circulation or peripheral lymph nodes by antigens with which susceptible hosts had been in contact, possibly during childhood, constituting a breach of auto-tolerance to CNS antigen [1]. Later, these T cells cross the blood-brain barrier and encounter the myelin antigen in the CNS parenchyma, presented by activated microglia, starting an inflammatory response that causes myelin destruction and axon degeneration [1]. We report the follow-up of five patients who were evaluated for up to five years after the stem cell transplantation treatment and who did not present any disease activity
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