Abstract
The supplementation of goat diets with natural products to obtain milk with nutraceutical components is a common practice. In these last years, the influence of supplementation of specifically designed diets has been studied with different analytical tools in order to explore possible beneficial effects in human consumption of animal milk and milk-derived products. In this study, the lipid fraction of milk from Alpine goats undergoing different dietary regimens was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Alpine goats were fed with linseed or hempseed supplements, and after 14 weeks of treatment, milk was collected and analyzed. Results showed that feeding diets supplemented with seeds positively affected the fatty acid composition with a pronounced increase in unsaturated fatty acids for both diets compared to a control diet. Specifically, linolenic acid content was more than doubled for linseed diet compared with the hempseed and control groups, while linoleic acid greatly increased only upon hempseed supplementation. However, a number of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and higher levels of fatty acids with trans configuration were found in supplemented diets, particularly in the linseed diet.
Highlights
There is a growing interest in the production of goat milk and derived products, going beyond nutritional contribution and related to their well-recognized role in human health as they are rich in medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) [1], which are considered to be a quick energy source and not stored as body fat
The intensification of goat milk production led to milk-derived products enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), but with poor content of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), and generally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [3]
The olefinic protons of all unsaturated chains were detected in the range of 5.30–5.34 ppm; and the α-methylenic protons of all acyl chains of FA appeared at 2.27 ppm as a well-resolved triplet, while the β-methylenic protons appeared at 1.58 ppm as a multiplet
Summary
There is a growing interest in the production of goat milk and derived products, going beyond nutritional contribution and related to their well-recognized role in human health as they are rich in medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) [1], which are considered to be a quick energy source and not stored as body fat. The intensification of goat milk production led to milk-derived products enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), but with poor content of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), and generally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [3]. Many factors such as breed, milking season, and feeding affect milk composition, and feeding appears to be one of the most important factors because it directly influences the quality and properties of milk and represents a natural way for modulating the fatty acid (FA) composition. Recent studies established that the introduction of flaxseed in an animal’s diet positively impacted the n-3 FA content of milk from
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