Ni-Vanuatu Nakaemas and Ephesian Cosmology: The Application of Pauline Cosmology in Ephesians to Ni-Vanuatu Fear of Black Magic

Abstract

This paper examines the biblical material on the cosmos and spiritual beings within the epistle to the Ephesians which can have significant implications for gospel leaders ministering to ni-Vanuatu Christians living in fear of nakaemas. By focusing on four key passages (1:10-23, 2:1-7, 3:8-12, and 6:10-20), it is argued that a biblical cosmology affirms the reality and presence of unseen spirits at work on the earth, but guards against any fear of them by clearly articulating and applying the lordship of Christ over all creation. It concludes with three implications, two assurances and one imperative, for gospel leaders ministering to fear-driven ni-Vanuatu.