Abstract
The single-stage simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) system is promising as the second unit of partial nitrification-anammox (PN-A) process to enhance nitrogen removal. A continuous flow fixed bed reactor was established based on functional microbial activity tests and bacterial distribution results. The maximum nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 95 % was achieved at an added COD concentration of 80 mg/L and a temperature of 35°C, with total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in the effluent below 5 mg/L. The activated functional carriers underwent a significant community evolution in the vertical direction of the continuous flow reactor. The result showed that Candidatus Brocadia occupied 61 % in the middle layer, while heterotrophic bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were mainly distributed in the bottom layer resisting the dissolved oxygen (DO) stress of the feed water. Finally, the synergistic effect of partial denitrification and anammox during the cooling phase (35→20℃) was explored. This finding has potential implications for optimizing the nitrogen removal process in practical applications. Overall, this study provided new insights and directions for the practical application of anammox in deep nitrogen removal, offering potential solutions for wastewater treatment and environmental protection.
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