Effects of zinc ion concentrations on the performance of SBR treating livestock wastewater and analysis of microbial community

Abstract

Zinc ion (Zn2+) is a frequently occurring heavy metal in livestock wastewater. The effects of Zn2+ on the physicochemical properties and the microbial distribution of activated sludge are essential to controlling nitrogen removal performance. Nevertheless, there are raw studies on the effects of Zn2+ on nitrogen removal. This study investigated the effect of Zn2+ on the treatment performance of livestock wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results indicated the low Zn2+ concentrations could improve nitrogen removal performance. However, as the Zn2+ concentration increased, the total nitrogen (TN) removal performance of the reactor gradually deteriorated. When the Zn2+ concentration was 90.00 mg/L, the TN removal efficiency was the lowest, only 2.40%. The contents of the Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Zn2+ concentration, and the main reason was the decrease of protein-like and tryptophan-like. The 16SrRNA analysis indicated that Zn2+ within a specific concentration could increase the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) number, microbial richness, and diversity of microorganisms in the SBR. However, with Zn2+ concentration exceeding 10.00 mg/L, the relative abundance of denitrification functional bacteria (Dechloromonas, Nitrospira, and Thauera) decreased.