Nitrogen from ammonia is as efficient as that from free amino acids or protein for improving growth performance of pigs fed diets deficient in nonessential amino acid nitrogen.

Abstract

Inclusion of NPN in diets may compensate the deficient supply of nonessential AA (NEAA) in very low CP levels. To assess this, 2 studies were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing NPN and specific NEAA to diets severely deficient in NEAA nitrogen (NEAA-N) on growth performance of pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 gilts (initial BW 15.2 ± 1.3 kg; 2 pigs per pen; 6 pens per treatment) were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments: 1) positive control (Pos Ctrl), not deficient in essential AA (EAA) and total N, with all N supplied from intact protein (casein and soybean meal) or crystalline EAA, (2) negative control (Neg Ctrl), supplying the same amount of potentially limiting EAA as Pos Ctrl but deficient in NEAA-N, 3) Neg Ctrl plus 1.45% CP from ammonia-N (low NPN), and 4) Neg Ctrl plus 2.90% CP from ammonia-N (high NPN), supplying the same amount of digestible N as the Pos Ctrl diet. Pigs were fed ad libitum, and ADG and ADFI were monitored weekly during a 3-wk period. Gain:feed improved linearly ( < 0.05) with supplementation of ammonia-N in diets. Gain:feed for high NPN was similar ( = 0.496) to that for Pos Crtl (0.51 and 0.52, respectively). In the Exp. 2, 72 individually housed barrows (initial BW 13.5 ± 0.6 kg; 8 pigs per treatment) were assigned to 9 dietary treatments. A basal diet was formulated to be deficient in NEAA-N with a ratio of EAA-N to total N (EAA-N:TN) of 0.74. The basal diet was supplemented with 1 of 4 different N sources (urea, ammonia, glutamic acid, and a mixture of NEAA) at 2 levels each, decreasing the final EAA-N:TN to 0.63 and 0.55, respectively. Pigs were fed at 3.0 times maintenance energy requirements during 9 d of adaptation and 3 wk of observations. Body weight was monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, blood samples from the portal vein and abdominal aorta were collected to determine ammonia- and urea-N concentrations. Final BW, ADG, and G:F increased ( < 0.05) with supplemented ammonia, glutamate, and the NEAA mix but not (> 0.10) with urea. Final BW, ADG, and G:F were not different ( > 0.05) between pigs fed the ammonia, glutamate, and NEAA mix supplemented diets. Urea concentration in portal and arterial blood plasma increased linearly ( < 0.05) with urea intake. In conclusion, growing pigs can utilize N from ammonia as efficiently as intact protein or NEAA as a source of extra N when diets are severely deficient in NEAA-N.