Abstract

The contents of seed storage compounds, protein and oil, determine the best use of soybean seeds, namely materials for food processing and oil production. Genetic and environmental factors could affect the chemical compositions of soybean seeds. However, the mechanisms of how the accumulation of these primary seed compounds is regulated are mostly unclear. In this chapter, we describe the different effects of nodulation on the protein and oil contents in soybean seeds and the crucial role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the protein accumulation of soybean seeds. Based on our previous studies on soybean seeds, we introduce five manners deduced; (1) protein accumulation is independent of oil accumulation, (2) nitrogen fixation results in decreasing oil amount per seed and decreased seed oil content, (3) a high pseudo negative correlation between protein and oil contents in seeds is likely to be observed under less nitrogen supply from the soil, (4) nitrogen absorbed from soil during the late growth stage promote seed production, (5) plant-type PEPC, ex. Gmppc2 in soybean could play a role in amino acid biosynthesis for storage protein accumulation in seeds during the late maturation period.

Highlights

  • Soybean seeds contain about 40% protein, 20% oil, 35% carbohydrate, and 5% minerals on a weight basis [1]

  • The results indicated that soybean seeds highly expressed Gmppc2 protein at DS5 to DS7, and the expression was concordant with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity at DS5 and DS6 in response to the nitrogen fertilization

  • These experiments were designed from the viewpoint that there might be differences on the accumulation of storage protein and oil between soybean plants having different activities of N2 fixation and N assimilation

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Summary

Introduction

Soybean seeds contain about 40% protein, 20% oil, 35% carbohydrate, and 5% minerals on a weight basis [1]. The observation that T201 of the N condition (3) (where offers low N supply during seed maturation) exhibited different protein contents and similar oil contents among individual plants implied that insufficient N supply did not affect oil accumulation in seeds. 2.4 Different effects of CUSLNFs on seed protein concentrations of plants producing high and low protein content seeds – Accumulated proteins in nodules may be a factor to affect seed protein content Plants of 13 CVs producing low-, medium- and high- protein content seeds were grown on similar conditions to the L-L, H-L, and H-H plots described in 2.1.1, and the protein and oil contents of harvested seeds were compared (Figure 12) [10]. Carbon metabolism in maturing seeds is affected by the supply of N from source organs-role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in the accumulation of protein

Background for the research on the role of PEPC in the synthesis of storage protein in soybean seeds
Relationships of PEPC activity and contents of storage compounds, protein and oil, in mature soybean seeds
Findings
Conclusion

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