Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with high luminescence for sensitive and selective detection of hypochlorite ions by fluorescence quenching

Abstract

A highly luminescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with a quantum yield of 44% was prepared by a facile hydrothermal synthesis method using citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) with a molar ratio of 1:1 at 200 °C for 5 h. The hypochlorite (ClO−) ions significantly quench the fluorescence of the N-CQDs according to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. A sensitive and selective quantification method with an excellent linearity in the range of 1.0–10.0 μM was developed to detect ClO− ions based on the fluorescence quenching. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.43 μM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.04 μM were achieved, respectively. This approach was successfully applied to detect the residual ClO− ions in local tap water and in swimming pool water. In addition, the developed fluorescence quenching method was also successfully applied in anti-counterfeiting and paper encryption. Both of the applications in real world suggest that the as-prepared N-CQDs is a kind of promising fluorescence probe for rapid detecting ClO− ions in environment fields, and has potential applications in text secrecy fields.