Abstract
Photovoltaic agriculture is a newly emerging ecological planting pattern. In view of the adverse effect on production, a better understanding of photovoltaic adaptation responses is essential for the development of the innovative agriculture mode in sustainable crop production. Here, we investigated the impact of photovoltaic condition on endogenous hormone composition and transcriptome profile of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. A total of 16 differentially accumulated phytohormones and 12,615 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Photovoltaic adaptation significantly decreased the contents of phytohormones especially salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). DEGs were the most relevant to photosynthesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway especially the key genes encoding proteins involved in photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) reaction center. Nitric oxide (NO), JA, and SA treatment alone significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency which was decreased by exposure to photovoltaic condition, but the combined treatment of “NO + SA” could weaken the enhancement effect by regulating the expression level of psaL, CHIL, petF1, psbQ, and psaE genes. Exogenous phytohormones and NO treatment mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potentiated antioxidant capacity, which would be weakened by the combined treatment of “NO + SA.” SA and JA significantly decreased endogenous NO burst triggered by photovoltaic adaptation. SA might be a potent scavenger of NO and counter the restoration effect of NO on growth and photosynthetic potential in T. hemsleyanum. The results could provide reference for the application of phytohormones/other signaling molecules in photovoltaic agriculture.
Highlights
A sustainable and effective supply of crops to satisfy the demand in food supply is a global challenge especially under the background of climatic variation
We comprehensively compared the accumulation of multiple phytohormones between GZ and GF groups to explore the contributions of phytohormones in response to the photovoltaic planting pattern
We detected 37 phytohormones grouped into 8 categories (Supplementary Table 1), such as 2 abscisic acid (ABA), 9 Auxin, 15 CK, 1 ETH, 1 GA, 6 jasmonic acid (JA), 2 salicylic acid (SA), and 1Soligolactone (SL) (Figure 2A)
Summary
A sustainable and effective supply of crops to satisfy the demand in food supply is a global challenge especially under the background of climatic variation. Light quality and quantity transmitted are significantly modified by cover materials, and generate a series of microclimate changes. Recent research has been mainly focused on developing innovative cover materials to improve solar energy capture and light transmission. Limited information was available about the ecological effect of the complex planting pattern on the physiological activity of crops. Some research showed that transmitted light changed by photovoltaic materials can have negative impacts on the plant production. 50% photovoltaic materials covering the roof of the greenhouse decreased tomato production significantly (Cossu et al, 2014). A deeper understanding of photovoltaic materialsmediated modulation/regulation of gene expression, protein, and metabolite composition in plants is essential for the development of the innovative complex ecological agriculture mode in sustainable crop production
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