Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMA) fabricated from nickel-titanium (NiTi) have garnered significant attention due to their intrinsic properties, including the shape memory effect (SME), pseudoelasticity (PE) or superelasticity (SE), accompanied by exceptional mechanical properties and superior damping capabilities. The escalating demand for NiTi-based SMA stems from its wide-ranging damping applications in aerospace, medical, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and civil engineering sectors. Internal Friction (IF) is a crucial damping mechanism, enabling the absorption and release of mechanical vibrations during cyclic loading. The martensitic phase transformation in NiTi SMA demonstrates a remarkable IF. This comprehensive review article delves into the fundamental aspects of IF during phase transformation and elucidates the various measurement techniques employed. The influence of processing and testing conditions on the IF behaviour of NiTi-based binary, ternary, quaternary, porous, and smart composites with their metallurgical characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, this review article provides an extensive overview of diverse damping applications, including their operational parameters, and highlights the limitations of existing studies. Ultimately, the article presents insightful future perspectives in the field of NiTi SMA damping, offering a well-rounded analysis of this subject matter.
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