Abstract
Recently, pyrite iron disulfide (FeS2) has emerged as a promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, affordability, non-toxicity and abundant resource in nature. However, the utilization of FeS2 still confronts the challenges of inferior rate capability and cycling instability for sodium storage, stemming from its low electronic conductivity and substantial volume changes during cycling. Herein, to address these obstacles, NiS2/FeS2 binary nanoparticles encapsulated within a network of interconnected N-doped porous carbon framework (NiS2/FeS2@NPC) are prepared by a successive solid-state ball milling, carbonization and sulfurization strategy with coordination complex of nickel iron Prussian blue analogue (NiFe-PBA) as precursor. The introduction of citric acid plays a critical role for the formation of interconnected carbon framework with regulated internal porous structure, thereby achieving heterostructured NiS2/FeS2@NPC with modulated specific surface area and pore volume. The rational design of interconnected N-doped porous carbon framework and heterogeneous structure guarantees rapid ion/electron transport kinetics, alleviated mechanical stress, and enhanced structural integrity. Benefitting from these advantages, the optimal NiS2/FeS2@NPC-1 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (545mAh/g at 1A/g), superior rate capability (267mAh/g at 5A/g) and ultrastable long-term cycling performance (98.5% retention over 1000 cycles at 5A/g). This study presents a novel and efficient design approach for creating durable and high-rate anode materials based on metal sulfides for SIBs.
Published Version
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