Abstract
The transient receptor potential akyrin type-1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel playing a pivotal role in pain sensation and neurogenic inflammation. TRPA1 channels expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) have a critical role in the modulation of cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a key pathophysiological basis of migraine pain. ADM_09 is a recently developed lipoic acid-based TRPA1 antagonist that is able to revert oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain and inflammatory trigeminal allodynia. In this context, aiming at developing drugs that are able to target TRPA1 channels in the CNS and promote an antioxidant effect, permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a central issue. Niosomes are nanovesicles that can be functionalized with specific ligands selectively recognized by transporters expressed on the BBB. In this work, the activity of ADM_09 on neocortex cultures was studied, and an efficient formulation to cross the BBB was developed with the aim of increasing the concentration of ADM_09 into the brain and selectively delivering it to the CNS rapidly after parenteral administration.
Highlights
The transient receptor potential akyrin type-1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel playing a pivotal role in pain sensation and neurogenic inflammation [1]
Studies have been mainly focused on peripheral TRPA1 channels, they are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) [4] and in particular in cortical neurons, hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and astrocytes [5]
Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of central TRPA1 channels in the modulation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) [6], which is a transient propagating excitation of synaptic activity followed by depression
Summary
The transient receptor potential akyrin type-1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel playing a pivotal role in pain sensation and neurogenic inflammation [1]. TRPA1 is prominently present in somatosensory neurons where it is reported to detect a great deal of external stimuli, including mechanical stress, temperature, and environmental irritants [2]. Since it plays a crucial role in the generation and maintenance of inflammatory pain, TRPA1 has become an attractive target for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapies [3]. The inhibition of ROS and deactivation of TRPA1 channels may have a synergistic therapeutic benefit in preventing stress-triggered migraine via CGRP by a central mechanism In this context, when developing drugs that are able to target TRPA1 channels in the CNS and promote an antioxidant effect, permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a central issue
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