Abstract
Traffic noise ducted near the ground at night and in the early morning can be represented simply in terms of normal modes. The effects of surface loss and atmospheric absorption, as well as meteorology, are contained in the mode attenuation coefficients. For a long (5–10 km) road section, the average noise levels are a function of the product of the mode attenuation coefficients and the perpendicular distance from the roadway. This paper considers a two-dimensional model for computing the effective mode attenuation coefficients in an urban environment. Modal attenuation is estimated by propagating modes over an irregular surface that approximates typical urban structures. The mode attenuation due to scattering from the urban structures is compared to the attenuation from atmospheric absorption and from a finite ground impedance. Predicted noise levels are compared to available data and the implications for nighttime urban traffic noise are discussed.
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