Abstract
WO3·0.33H2O microshuttles (WMSs) self-assembled by numerous nanorods along the same direction were prepared based on a cheap tungsten-containing metallurgical raw material by combination processes of NaOH leaching and one-step hydrothermal method. The microstructures and gas sensing properties of various concentrations (0, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 mol%) of Pt-doped WMSs were investigated to improve their performance. The microstructural characterizations demonstrated that the WMSs assembled by one-dimensional WO3·0.33H2O nanorods were approximately 0.8–1.9 μm in diameter. Such nanorods exhibited a single hexagonal structure with their diameters ranging from 17 to 62 nm. The gas sensing properties indicated that Pt-doped WMSs showed superior gas sensing performance in terms of the sensor response and NH3 selectivity in the operating temperature range of 25−225 °C as compared with pure one, and simultaneously Pt doping could significantly reduce the detection limit of NH3. Especially, 1.0 mol% Pt-doped WMSs exhibited the highest response of 28.2–1000 ppm NH3 at 175 °C, which was 4 times higher than pure one at 50 °C, indicating that it is a potential candidate material for the detection of NH3 gas.
Highlights
With the rapid development of society and economy, human health problem has gradually become an increasing topic
There are no other diffraction peaks related to impurity components in the XRD patterns, reflecting that the as-synthesized products show high purity
It can be observed that the main diffraction peaks of all samples are strong and narrow, demonstrating that the as-synthesized samples are in good crystallinity, and grow along (200) plane preferentially
Summary
With the rapid development of society and economy, human health problem has gradually become an increasing topic. Heretofore, the tungsten sources used for synthesizing functional WO3 nanomaterials are mainly some analytical reagents or extremely high-purity tungsten metals, such as Na2WO4 [27], H2WO4 [28], (NH4)10H2W12O40 [29], H3O40PW12·xH2O [16], WCl6 [30], etc., which have high production costs, and show low plasticity in terms of purity, particle size, etc. These disadvantages will affect the microstructure and physic-chemical properties of WO3 nanomaterials prepared later. The results showed that Pt doping could significantly improve the performance of the WO3·0.33H2O sensing materials to NH3, and the relevant gas sensing mechanism was discussed
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