NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ ĐIỀU TRỊ NGỘ ĐỘC CẤP AMPHETAMINE VÀ DẪN XUẤT TẠI KHOA HỒI SỨC CẤP CỨU BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Diagnosis and management of acute poisoning with amphetamines and derivatives are very important. Objectives: To study the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, and the results of acute poisoning with Amphetamine and its derivatives. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive method. Results: Most of the patients were from 20 to 40 years, which accounted for 91.89%. The proportions of males and females were 89.19% and 10.81% respectively. Job variables were recorded at the rate of 97.30% for freelancers. 54.10% of the cases took place at discos or bars. 83.78% of the patients were frequent users. We found that Oral administration accounts for 80.08% while inhalation was 10.81%. Active ingredients found were Methamphetamine (51.35%), Amphetamine (5.41%), and both types (43.24%). Survival signs at admission were that pulse was 93.51 ± 25.87 times/min and temperature were 36.16 ± 6.13 (oC). Mean blood pressure was 94.38 ± 71.69 mmHg, and respiratory rate was 19.76 ± 3.74 times/min. Pupils were 2.63 ± 0.94 mm. SpO2 90.91 ± 15.86%. There were symptoms of nausea 32.43%, abdominal pain 29.73%. Symptoms of hypoxemia were 43.24%; Symptoms of tachycardia were 45.95%; hypertension was 16.22%. Symptoms of agitation were 55.56%. Hypokalemia was 51.35%; acute renal failure was 10.81%. Treatment with fluids accounted for 94.59%; sedation 32.43%, hypothermia 21.62%. The treatment result was that 97.30%of the patients recovered and 1 patient died before admission, accounting for 2.70%; there were 7 patients with mental disorders, which accounted for 19.44%. Conclusion: Amphetamine and derivatives poisoning is common in the age group of 20-40 years old, affecting many organs such as nerves, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory ones. It can also cause acute renal failure and electrolyte disturbances. Early treatment and regimen bring very high efficiency, the treatment result was that 97.30% of the patients recovered.