Іnfluence of explosive loads on buildings and structures of the population civil protection

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance of the design and construction of buildings and structures of the Ukraine population civil protection in the conditions of possible shock-explosive influences. The aim of the work is to systematize information about the impact of explosive loads on building structures and develop recommendations for improving the stability of buildings and civil protection structures.The influence of shock wave during the detonation of explosives on the structures of buildings is considered and systematized. The features of distribution of pressure of blast wave on the structures of buildings in time, depending on magnitude of their distances to the epicenter of the explosion, are analyzed. The features of the influence of blast wave, which expands from the source of detonation, on low-rise buildings with flat roofs and the sequence of development of deformations and destruction of their structures at three stages of wave propagation are revealed. The nature of the influence of blast wave on multi-storey and high-rise buildings and the sequence of development of deformations and destruction of their structures are analyzed. Examples of destruction of structures of buildings of various structural systems from explosions are given.The paper gives recommendations for design of blast-resistant buildings with built-in bomb shelters that are able to resist explosive loads without progressive collapse, which leads to a cascading sequence of damage to adjacent building structures. The ways of redistribution of gravitational loads on the structural systems of buildings and structures are analyzed, recommendations are made for design of explosion-proof buildings.Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of using monolithic reinforced concrete frames, which are able to plastically deform, redistribute loads and resist the onset of progressive collapse, which leads to appearance of a cascading sequence of damage to adjacent building structures.