Abstract
More than 20 years ago, tubes were replaced with charge-coupled device (CCD) imagers as the image capture element in a broadcast camera. After maturing for many years, present CCDs far exceed the performance of tubes. With the arrival of 1080p50/60, the transition from CCDs to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imagers is inevitable. Laws of physics dictate that each packet of photons has shot noise. This poses a physical limit to the performance of a camera, especially in the arena of interchanging frames per second, pixel dimensions, and lens f-number. This aspect raises some interesting challenges with regard to 1080p50 and beyond. Recently, a full high-definition television (HDTV) CMOS imager was developed for use in broadcast cameras that competes in performance with CCDs. This paper discusses underlying issues such as resolution, pixel size, noise, sensitivity, and frame rate in relation to CCDs and CMOS imagers for broadcast use.
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