Abstract

Solid-state and solution pH-dependent NEXAFS studies allow direct observation of the electronic state of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a function of its chemical environment, revealing the chemical state and bonding of the chemical species. Variations in the ionization potential (IP) and 1s→π* resonances unequivocally identify the chemical species (neutral, cationic, or anionic) present and the varying local environment. Shifts in σ* shape resonances relative to the IP in the NEXAFS spectra vary with C-N bond length, and the important effect of minor alterations in bond length is confirmed with nitrogen FEFF calculations, leading to the possibility of bond length determination in solution.

Highlights

  • Through X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies, the chemical, electronic and structural properties of organic species can be investigated

  • Shifts in s* shape resonances relative to the ionization potential (IP) in the Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra vary with C-N bond length, and the important effect of minor alterations in bond length is confirmed with nitrogen FEFF calculations, leading to the possibility of bond length determination in solution

  • While the IP and p* resonances are characteristic of the species and related to their chemical and electronic nature in the solution and solid state, the dominating influence of bond length on the s* shape resonance proposed from experimental data is here investigated with FEFF calculations, exploring the ability and sensitivity of measuring bond lengths

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Summary

Introduction

Through X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies, the chemical, electronic and structural properties of organic species can be investigated. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements allow direct observation of the electronic state of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a function of its chemical environment [3]. While the IP and p* resonances are characteristic of the species and related to their chemical and electronic nature in the solution and solid state, the dominating influence of bond length on the s* shape resonance proposed from experimental data is here investigated with FEFF calculations, exploring the ability and sensitivity of measuring bond lengths.

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