Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that usually attacks not only the lungs, but also brain and spine. More than twenty drugs have been developed for the treatment of TB, but most of them were developed some years ago. They are used in different combinations. Isoniazid and Rifampicin are examples of the five first line TB drugs, whereas, for instance, Levofloxacin, Kanamycin and Linezolid belong to the second line drugs that are used for the treatment of drug resistant TB. Several new bicyclic nitroimidazoles (e.g., Delamanid) without mutagenic effects were developed. New TB drugs need to provide several main issues such as more effective, less toxic, and less expensive for drug resistant TB. Besides polymeric, metal-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles and polymers, dendrimer nanostructures represent ideal delivery vehicles and offer high hopes for the future of nanomedicine. In this original review, we present and analyze the development of anti-TB drugs in combination with dendrimers. Few articles have highlighted the encapsulation of anti-TB drugs with dendrimers. Due to their unique structure, dendrimers represent attractive candidates for the encapsulation and conjugation of other anti-TB drugs presenting important drawbacks (e.g., solubility, toxicity, low bioavailability) that hinder their development, including clinic trials.
Highlights
Introduction andState-of-the-Art in the Development of Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Anti-TB DrugsTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, known as Koch bacillus, surviving and replicating within human alveolar macrophages and affecting other organs [1,2]
TB is a common cause of death among HIV-positive patients; (4) resistant strains, such as multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB)
This study showed that, experimentally, the maximum number of RIF molecules loaded is 20 RIF molecules per G4-PAMAM dendrimer
Summary
Nanoformulations and nanocarriers have made a significant impact on the delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostics through the development of several nanodevices such as therapeutic agents and diagnostics through the development of several nanodevices such as liposomes, liposomes, nanocrystals, nanoparticles and dendrimers. These nanodelivery platforms can improve nanocrystals, nanoparticles and dendrimers. Due to their unique structure and diverse route of administration, dendrimers environment Due to their unique structure and diverse route of administration, dendrimers represent represent attractive candidates for the encapsulation and conjugation of anti-TB drugs presenting attractive thesolubility, encapsulation and low conjugation of anti-TB presenting important importantcandidates drawbacksfor (e.g., toxicity, bioavailability) thatdrugs hinder their development, drawbacks (e.g., solubility, toxicity, low bioavailability) that hinder their development, including including clinic trials
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