New varieties of winter rye of intensive type

E M Esimbaeva,E N Pasynkova,N.A Petrovtseva,D Fayzrakhmanov,F Nezhmetdinova,B Ziganshin,R Shaydullin

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20201700160

E M Esimbaeva, E N Pasynkova + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700160

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Abstract

The work of breeders of the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture Belogorka on the creation of new short-stature varieties of intensive type winter rye, characterized by increased resistance to adverse soil and climatic conditions of northern Europe is briefly described. The methods of selection used in the institute are presented, including the method of directed transpollination of crops “on a flower bed” developed in the winter rye laboratory. The characteristic of new varieties based on economic and useful features and on the main elements of the crop structure is given. It was shown that the new varieties significantly exceeded the standard Volkova variety in winter and lodging resistance, which allows obtaining a stable grain harvest even in unfavorable years. In addition, new varieties are characterized by the size and uniformity of seeds at the weight of 1000 grains 38–42 g, practically not inferior in this indicator to tetraploid and hybrid varieties of winter rye, which are more demanding of cultivation conditions.

Highlights

Winter rye is an important agricultural crop in many countries – it is of a great food, fodder, technical value [1]
The varieties and forms of winter rye from the world VID collection are used as the starting material for breeding, as well as varieties and hybrids of local selection, as they are the most adapted to complex soil and climatic conditions of northern Europe
This method allows quickly fixing desirable features in offspring due to the possibility of the controlled crossing of whole groups of plants, which increases the breeding process efficiency. Taking into account this method, the scheme of the winter rye selection process presented in Figure 1 was developed, which allows creating a new variety within 5–6 years

Summary

Introduction

Winter rye is an important agricultural crop in many countries – it is of a great food, fodder, technical value [1]. Due to its high winter and drought resistance, low requirements for the cultivation intensity, rye is considered a low-risk crop, especially in areas with poor soils and adverse climatic conditions. Rye is cultivated mainly in Europe as a grain crop [1], a number of countries use it as green fodder for domestic [4, 5] and wild animals [6]. Due to its content with a number of valuable amino acids, the rye grain is a good additive to feed dairy and beef cattle, and with the use of certain feeding technologies – for poultry and its young growth [7, 8]

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